Monday, November 30, 2009

Rocky Mountain

Mountains can be characterized in several ways. Some mountains are volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava. Other mountains are shaped by glacial processes and can be characterized by their glaciated features. Still others are typified by the faulting and folding of the Earth's crust, or by the collision of continental plates via plate tectonics (the Himalayas, for instance). Shape and placement within the overall landscape also define mountains and mountainous structures (such as butte and monadnock). Finally, mountains can be characterized by the type of rock that make up their composition

Lambir Hills


The Lambir Hills National Park is located along the Miri-Bintulu Road, some 30km south of Miri Town. The park was gazetted and published to public on 15 May 1975. It covers an area of about 6,952 hectares which consists of the central portion of the Lambir Hills, a rugged east-west trending sandstone escarpment with a maximum height of 465 metres.

This park has an outstanding regional and global conservation significance for its extraordinary species-rich forest, ideal for botanist and researchers throughout the world. Moreover, the park has a high potential value for recreational, educational and research purposes

Games and Sports


Hillwalking is a British English term for a form of hiking which involves the ascent of hills. The activity is usually distinguished from mountaineering as it does not involve ropes or technically difficult rock climbing, although the terms mountain and hill are often used interchangeably in Britain. Hillwalking is popular in mountainous areas such as the English Peak District or the Scottish Highlands. Many hills are categorised according to relative height or other criteria and feature on lists named after mountaineers, such as Munros (Scotland) or Wainwrights (England). Specific locating activities such as "peak bagging" (or "Munro bagging") involve climbing hills on these lists with the aim of completing (or "compleating") the list.Cheese rolling is an annual event in the West Country of England which involves rolling a wheel of cheese down a hill. Contestants stand at the top and chase the wheel of cheese to the bottom. The winner, the one who catches the cheese, gets to keep the wheel of cheese as a prize

Millitary significance Of Hills

Hills provide a major advantage to an army, giving them an elevated firing position and forcing an opposing army to charge uphill to attack them. They may also conceal forces behind them, allowing a force to lay in wait on the crest of a hill, using that crest for cover, and firing on unsuspecting attackers as they broach the hilltop.
As a result, conventional military strategies often demand possession of high ground. Hills have become sites for many noted battles, such as the first recorded military conflict in Scotland known as the battle of Mons Graupius. Modern conflicts include the Battle of Bunker Hill (which was actually fought on Breed's Hill) in the American War for Independence and Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill in the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the American Civil War. The Battle of San Juan Hill in the Spanish-American War won Americans control of Santiago. The Battle of Alesia was also fought from a hilltop fort.

Significance Of Hills

HillHills have played an important role in history.
Many settlements were originally built on hills, either to avoid or curb floods, particularly if they were near a large body of water, or for defence, since they offer a good view of the surrounding land and require would-be attackers to fight uphill. For example, Ancient Rome was built on seven hills, protecting it from invaders.
In northern Europe, many ancient monuments are sited on hills. Some of these are defensive structures (such as the hill-forts of the Iron Age), but others appear to have had a religious significance. In Britain, many churches at the tops of hills are thought to have been built on the sites of earlier pagan holy places. The National Cathedral in Washington, DC has followed this tradition and was built on the highest hill in that city.

Friday, November 27, 2009

Forest of Dense Trees

The word "forest" was borrowed by Middle English from Old French and Medieval Latin forestis, literally meaning "outside". Uses of the word "forest" in English to denote any uninhabited area of non-enclosure are now considered archaicThe word was introduced by the Norman rulers of England as a legal term (appearing in Latin texts like the Magna Carta) denoting an uncultivated area legally set aside for hunting by feudal nobility (see Royal Forest).These hunting forests were not necessarily wooded much, if at all. However, as hunting forests did often include considerable areas of woodland, the word "forest" eventually came to mean wooded land more generally.[citation needed] By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage

Woods

Wood is a hygroscopic substance. It has the ability to take in or give off moisture in the form of vapour. The water contained in wood exerts a vapour pressure of its own, which is determined by the maximum size of the capillaries filled with water at any time. If the water vapour pressure in the ambient space is lower than the vapour pressure within wood, desorption takes place. The largest sized capillaries, which are full of water at the time, empty first. The vapour pressure within the wood falls as water is successively contained in smaller and smaller sized capillaries. A stage is eventually reached when the vapour pressure within the wood equals the vapour pressure in the ambient space above the wood, and further desorption ceases. The amount of moisture that remains in the wood at this stage is in equilibrium with the water vapour pressure in the ambient space, and is termed the equilibrium moisture content or EMC (Siau, 1984). Because of its hygroscopicity, wood tends to reach a moisture content that is in equilibrium with the relative humidity and temperature of the surrounding air. The EMC of wood varies with the ambient relative humidity (a function of temperature) significantly, to a lesser degree with the temperature. Siau (1984) reported that the EMC also varies very slightly with species, mechanical stress, drying history of wood, density, extractives content and the direction of sorption in which the moisture change takes place (i.e. adsorption or desorption).

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Sindhuli

Kamalamai (सिन्धुलीमाडी) is a municipality in Sindhuli District, in the Janakpur zone of central south Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 32,838 people. The city is in the Sindhuli Valley of central south Nepal. The historic symbol of the Valley, Sindhuli Gadhi fort, is at the peak of a hill of the Mahabharata range. The city is in the plane valley made by the Kamla River
In Sindhuli districts , There castes of Rai , Brahmin , Lamas , Bhotes, Kami etc are lived. There are Marin river which flows from villages of Nakali village,Jhyadi village and Jutepani village of Sindhuli district. Mainly Rai peoples are lived in Jutepani village, Tinkuna,Hapkara, Jhyadi, Ratanpur village of Sindhuli districts and Raigau village of Makanpur district.

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

Small Angel Tree

Add spring flair to your landscape with crabapples. There's a wonderful array available that bears flowers in shades of white, pink, and red; has weeping, rounded, or columnar habits; and produces orange, gold, red, or burgundy fruits. Many varieties offer exceptional fall color and great disease resistance as well.
Name: Malus selections
Size: From 6 to 30 feet tall and wide, depending on variety
Zones: 3-8
Standout Varieties: 'Prairifire' has dark pink flowers, reddish-purple foliage, and great disease resistance; 'Centurion' has rose-pink flowers, an upright shape, and great disease resistance

Small Trees


Small trees are homeowners and landscapers delight. Small trees fit so many applications and planting sites. Small trees combine the opportunity to display color, shape, flower color, and size to any yard or location. Choose a feature such as summer foliage and there are small trees that will provide stunning foliage such as the Japanese Red Maples. Choose a feature such as early spring blooming and the spectacular Redbud family will provide the eye candy for the landscape. Fast growing small trees quickly upgrades a barren yard with unique foliage and branch patterns. For a long lasting spring bloom period consider the crabapple family. Crabapples exhibit gorgeous flowers with a multitude of different bloom colors and size choices

Hills of Nepal


The Mahabharat range, running closely parallel to the Chure range, separates the Terai from the Hill region, which covers about 64% of the total land area. This range averages 1,525 to 4,877m altitude and 16kms in breadth. Its structure is synclinal and topography steep and jagged. Forests are usually found on the higher elevations whereas the lower and gentler slopes are used for terraced cultivation.
North of this range and south of the Himalayas, lies the extensively cultivated broad hill complex of the "Pahar" of mountain region, the major subdued in character, this complex has a generally salubrious climate. The fertile valleys formed by the principal river systems, including the Katmandu Valley, are the main settlement and cultivation areas in the region.

Mountains of North

Contrary to popular belief, the height of a mountain is measured from the base to the apex. Mt. Everest stretches 8848 meters above sea level, but it has a head start due to the general uplift from the Himalayas. The Hawaiian volcano Mauna Kea is 10,314 meters from base to apex, so even though it only reaches to 4205 meters above sea level, it is a bigger mountain than Everest. (These results only apply to an incorrect manner in which one would measure a mountain. This measurement is based upon how high above sea level the mountains peak is located. The correct way to measure a mountain would be to obtain actual height from base to apex
In Nepal there are mount Everest, mt. Lotse , Mt. Makalu , Mt Annapurna,Mt Machhapuchra,Mt Kanchanga etc located . They attract many local as well as foreign tourists. Every year thousands of tourists go there to view it 's natural scenery.

Tour Sites


This Christchurch to Queenstown tour has been designed for average to experienced mountain bikers, who have less time to spare but who want a power-packed cycling adventure! You will bike through the scenic wonderland that is the South Island experiencing the diversity of sparkling lakes, steep alpine passes, sweeping pastoral landscapes, sheer sided fiords and the grandeur of breathtaking mountain views.Our route takes you along quiet roads, past beautiful lakes and across private farmland. You will travel over high Alpine passes surrounded by dense bush and high, rugged peaks, down through lush river valleys and across wide, rolling pastoral plains. Taste New Zealand’s delicious cuisine, washed down with our fine wine and finish your tour in the outdoor adventure capital of the world!

Monday, November 23, 2009

Streams


Therec are many beautifStreaming media are multimedia that are constantly received by, and normally presented to, an end-user while being delivered by a streaming provider (the term "presented" is used in this article in a general sense that includes audio or video playback). The name refers to the delivery method of the medium rather than to the medium itself. The distinction is usually applied to media that are distributed over telecommunications networks, as most other delivery systems are either inherently streaming (e.g., radio, television) or inherently non-streaming (e.g., books, video cassettes, audio CDs). The verb 'to stream' is also derived from this term, meaning to deliver media in this manner. Internet television is a commonly streamed media.ul place like eye catching . They are the wonder of world .

Thursday, November 19, 2009

Leaves


In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin. There is continued debate about whether the flatness of leaves evolved to expose the chloroplasts to more light or to increase the absorption of carbon dioxide. In either case, the adaption was made at the expense of water loss. In the Devonian period, when carbon dioxide concentration was at several times its present value, plants did not have leaves or flat stems. Many bryophytes have flat, photosynthetic organs, but these are not true leaves. Neither are the microphylls of lycophytes. The leaves of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms are variously referred to as macrophyll, megaphylls, or euphylls.
Leaves are also the sites in most plants where transpiration and guttation take place. Leaves can store food and water, and are modified in some plants for other purposes. The comparable structures of ferns are correctly referred to as fronds. Furthermore, leaves are prominent in the humA structurally complete leaf of an angiosperm consists of a petiole (leaf stem), a lamina (leaf blade), and stipules (small processes located to either side of the base of the petiole). The petiole attaches to the stem at a point called the "leaf axil." Not every species produces leaves with all of the aforementioned structural components. In some species, paired stipules are not obvious or are absent altogether. A petiole may be absent, or the blade may not be laminar (flattened). The tremendous variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from species to species is presented in detail below under Leaf morphology. After a period of time (i.e. seasonally, during the autumn), deciduous trees shed their leaves. These leaves then decompose into the soil.an diet as leaf vegetables.

Sunday, November 15, 2009

Fresh Water Falls

Significant waterfalls are listed alphabetically:
Angel Falls is the world's tallest at 979 metres (3212 feet) in Venezuela.
Bambarakanda Falls is Sri Lanka's tallest waterfall at 263 m.
Bridalveil Fall in Yosemite Valley is 189 m (620 ft) high with a sheer drop when flowing.
Cascata delle Marmore in Italy is the tallest man-made waterfall in the world.
Cautley Spout, at 175 m (580 ft), is the tallest waterfall in England.
Colonial Creek Falls, the second tallest waterfall in North America at 2,584 ft (788 m), is located in the North Cascades National Park, Washington, United States.
Dettifoss, Northeast Iceland is the largest waterfall in Europe in terms of volume discharge, having an average water flow of 200 m3/s.The falls are 100 m wide and have a drop of 44 m down to the Jökulsárgljúfur canyon.
Eas a' Chual Aluinn, at 200 m (658 ft), is the tallest waterfall in both Scotland and the United Kingdom.
Gocta is the fifth tallest in the world at 771 m (2532 ft) and located in the province Chachapoyas, Peru.
Hannoki Falls is the tallest waterfall in Asia at 1,640 ft (500 m) and located in Tateyama, Japan.
High Force on the River Tees is one of the tallest waterfalls in England.
Huangguoshu Waterfall in Anshun, Guizhou, China, is the largest waterfall in Asia.
Iguazu Falls is a tall and extremely wide waterfall located in South America on the Argentina/Brazil border.
James Bruce Falls, the tallest waterfall in North America at 840 m, is located in the Princess Louisa Marine Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada.
Jog Falls is India's tallest (listed as 314 ranking on the World Waterfall Database), located in Karnataka state, India.
Jurong Falls in Singapore is the tallest artificial waterfall in the world.
Kaieteur Falls (Potaro River in central Guyana), located in the Kaieteur National Park, is 226 m (741 ft).
Krimmler Wasserfälle, at 380 m, is Austria's second tallest waterfall and located in Krimml, Salzburg, Austria.
Multnomah Falls is 611 feet (186 m) high and 30 ft wide.
Niagara Falls are the most powerful falls in North America.
Pissing Mare Falls, at 350 m (1148 ft), is the tallest in eastern North America.
Pistyll Rhaeadr, the tallest waterfall in Wales at 240ft (73m).
Ramnefjellsfossen is the world's third tallest at 808 m (2685 ft), at Stryn, Nesdalen, Norway.
Rhine Falls is Europe's widest and is located in Switzerland.
ShirAbad Waterfall is located in Iran, Golestan,Khanbebin, Shirabad.
St.Clair's Falls is Sri Lanka's widest waterfall 265 ft high.
Swallow Falls is one of Wales's largest waterfalls.
Takakkaw Falls is a 384 m (1260 feet) in Yoho National Park in Canada.
Tequendama Falls is a 132 m high waterfall on the Bogotá River, about 30 km southwest of Bogotá in Colombia.
Tugela Falls is the world's second tallest at 947 m (3110 ft) in KwaZulu-Natal province, Republic of South Africa.
Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world and is more than a mile long. It is located on the Zambezi river on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia.

Beautiful Falls

Streams become wider and shallower just above waterfalls due to flowing over the rock shelf, and there is usually a deep pool just below the waterfall because of the kinetic energy of the water hitting the bottom. Waterfalls normally form in a rocky area due to erosion. After a long period of being fully formed, the water falling off the ledge will retreat, causing a horizontal pit parallel to the waterfall wall. Eventually, as the pit grows deeper, the waterfall collapses.
Waterfalls can occur along the edge of a glacial trough, whereby a stream or river flowing into a glacier continues to flow into a valley after the glacier has receded or melted. The large waterfalls in Yosemite Valley are examples of this phenomenon. The rivers are flowing from hanging valleysWaterfalls are grouped into ten broad classes based on the average volume of water present on the fall using a logarithmic scale. Class 10 waterfalls include Niagara Falls, Paulo Afonso Falls and Khone Falls.
Classes of other well-known waterfalls include Victoria Falls and Kaieteur Falls (Class 9); Rhine Falls, Gullfoss and Sutherland Falls (Class 8); Angel Falls and Dettifoss (Class 7); Yosemite Falls, Lower Yellowstone Falls and Umphang Thee Lor Sue Waterfall (Class

Water Falls


Typically, a river flows over a large step in the rocks that may have been formed by a fault line. As it increases its velocity at the edge of the waterfall, it plucks material from the riverbed. This causes the waterfall to carve deeper into the bed and to recede upstream. Often over time, the waterfall will recede back to form a canyon or gorge downstream as it recedes upstream, and it will carve deeper into the ridge above it.
Often, the rock stratum just below the more resistant shelf will be of a softer type, meaning that undercutting due to splashback will occur here to form a shallow cave-like formation known as a rock shelter or plunge pool under and behind the waterfall. Eventually, the outcropping, more resistant cap rock will collapse under pressure to add blocks of rock to the base of the waterfall. These blocks of rock are then broken down into smaller boulders by attrition as they collide with each other, and they also erode the base of the waterfall by abrasion, creating a deep plunge pool or gorge.

Baatara gorge waterfall near Tannurin, Lebanon.
Streams become wider and shallower just above waterfalls due to flowing over the rock

Nepal's Nature

Nepal is beautiful country. It has many interesting and lovely places. nepal is country which is very rich in natural resources.Biodiversity of Nepal is very interesting .Nepal has about 29% of forests areas and it is perfect location for different kinds of animals and birds. In Nepal There are different types of herbs , which are very impiortant for making medicines and other different things . There are Yarshamgumba, which found in mostly western part of northern part of Nepal:Jumla , Mustang, etc. It very important for making medicines.It gives energy if we eat by mixing with honey.It looks like grassin summer and insect in winter. There are many parks in Nepal : Chitwan National Park, Sagarmatha National Park, Bardiya National Park, etc . In these places different types of vegetations , animals, insects etc are conserved and protected. There are also rivers which are very strong. They flow with very high speed. Electricty is produced from riversin Nepal . Koshi rivers . the Bagmati river, Karnali river, the Gandaki riveratc are major river of Nepal.There are hills which are of different hight.They are the treasures of Nepal , they attract many Local as well as foreign tourists.

Wednesday, November 11, 2009

Tree


Temperate deciduous forests are forests in cool, rainy areas; they have trees that lose their leaves in Fall and regrow them in Spring. Temperate deciduous forests are found in the middle latitudes around the globe and have four distinct seasons: Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, these forests are found in North America, Europe, and Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, there are smaller areas of these forests, in South America, Africa, and Australia. The growing season in these forests is about 6 months long.
Temperature and Precipitation: The average temperature in temperate deciduous forests is roughly 75°F (24°C) but gets as high as 86°F (30°C), depending on the altitude of the forest. Forests higher in the mountains are colder. Deciduous forests receive from 2 to 5 feet (0.5-1.5 m) of precipitation (both rain and snow) each year. Humidity in these forests is high, from 60% to 80%.
Fall Colors: In the Fall, the number of hours of daylight decreases. This causes some plants and trees (called deciduous) to stop producing chlorophyll (a green pigment that converts sunlight into chemical energy) and eventually lose their leaves. During this time, these leaves turn brilliant colors, ranging from red to orange to yellow to brown.
Soil: The soil in the deciduous

Friday, November 6, 2009

Natural View

When researching the safety of synthetic chemicals and other substances used in cosmetic and personal care products, one theme emerges: There are few, if any, definitive answers. This is partly due to the lack of scientific studies conducted on over 85% of the ingredients currently being used, or on the effects of combining the various chemicals. As you may already know, the American government does not require manufacturers to prove the safety of the chemicals they are using, and has very little power over the cosmetics and toiletries industry in general. So while these companies are likely testing the products to rule out potential skin reactions, they are not conducting the kind of research that would determine long-term effects such as cancer, infertility or neurological (i.e., brain) effects.
In other countries, however, and in laboratories around the world, studies have been conducted on animals to examine long-term consequences of exposure to these substances. The findings are grim: everything from increased susceptibility to breast cancer to a greater likelihood of infertility and even Parkinson's disease have been attributed to exposure to the chemicals many of us slather on, lather up, and spray all over our bodies on a daily basis. And yet, because there is no conclusive evidence that any of these substances are harmful, they remain on the market. In fact, the chemical and cosmetic industries spend millions of dollars to persuade our legislators to keep it that way.
To make matters worse, there are no regulations around what qualifies a product as "natural"or "organic." In other words, you could take a bottle of chlorine bleach, squeeze some organic lemon juice into it, slap a pretty green leaf on the label, and sell it as Organic Bleach. Of course, most of us would see right through that bit of deceptive marketing. Most products, however, are not nearly as straightforward. Manufacturers are dedicating an enormous amount of resources to figure out how to spin their products in a way that makes them sound more natural, organic, and safer than they really are.
The truth is, in order to cover all you need to know to truly understand the complexities of this industry, we would need to write a book. Fortunately for us, someone already did. If you are interested in learning more about what is lurking in your lotions, preserving your pomade, or leeching out of your lipstick, we strongly encourage you to read the book, Not Just a Pretty Face, by Stacy Malkan. For the staff at The Nature of Beauty, this book changed our lives forever. We suspect it may have the same impact on you!
In the meantime, we have compiled a list of ingredients most experts consider to be among the most harmful on the market. They also happen to be the ingredients you won'tfind in any of our products. Whether you purchase products from us or not, we hope you will continue learning more and taking steps to protect yourself and your family from the potentially harmful and decidedly unnecessary chemicals hanging out in your medicine cabinet, cosmetic case, and diaper bag.
to read more about the criteria we used when selecting products.

Thursday, November 5, 2009

Natural Beauty

Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic.
The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and literally means "birth".[1] Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accordThe concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries
Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" may refer to the general realm of various types of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects–the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth, and the matter and energy of which all these things are composed. It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness–wild animals, rocks, forest, beaches, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For, example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, "human nature" or "the whole of nature". This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human consciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term "natural" might also be distinguished from the unnatural, the supernat

People of Intelligent

In this worldIntelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such as creativity, personality, character, knowledge, or wisdom. However there is no agreement on which traits define the phenomenon of intelligence agreed upon by a majority across the various concerned disciplines.
Theories of intelligence can be divided into those based on a unilinear construct of general intelligence and those based on multiple intelligences. Francis Galton, influenced by his cousin Charles Darwin, was the first to advance a theory of general intelligence. For Galton, intelligence was a real faculty with a biological basis that could be studied by measuring reaction times to certain cognitive tasks. Galton's research on measuring the head size of British scientists and ordinary citizens led to the conclusion that head size had no relationship with the person's intelligence.
Alfred Binet and the French school of intelligence believed that intelligence was an average of numerous dissimilar abilities, rather than a unitary entity with specific identifiable properties. The Stanford-Binet intelligence test has been used by both theorists of general intelligence and multiple intelligenceorld ,there people are of different capacities of nature.

Nature of world


Nature Photos and Nature Videos. Watch exciting nature videos, see awesome pictures of animals in the natural world. Amazing documentary video series like the BBC, Discovery Channel, Planet Earth. Our beautiful world like you have never seen it before. This astonishing 11-part BBC series is brilliantly narrated by Sir David Attenborough. Each episode covers a specific geographical region and/or wildlife habitat (mountains, caves, deserts, shallow seas, seasonal forests, etc.) until the entire planet has been magnificently represented by the most astonishing sights and sounds you'll ever experience from the comforts of home.

Monday, November 2, 2009

Islands


When defining islands as pieces of land that are surrounded by water, narrow bodies of water like rivers and canals are often, but not always, left out of consideration[citation needed]. For instance, in France the Canal du Midi connects the Garonne river to the Mediterranean Sea, thereby completing a continuous water connection from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. So technically, the land mass that includes the Iberian Peninsula and the part of France that is south of the Garonne River and the Canal du Midi is surrounded by water. For a completely natural example, the Orinoco River splits into two branches near Tamatama, in Amazonas state, Venezuela. The southern branch flows south and joins the Rio Negro, and then the Amazon. Thus, all of the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana) and substantial parts of Brazil and Venezuela are surrounded by (river or ocean) water. These instances are not generally considered islands. However, small pieces of land bordered by rivers are considered islands.


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